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in International Relations from the University of Southern California. Downie is a graduate of the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point (Class of 1976), and he holds a M.A.
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He was also the first commander of the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC) at Ft. Joint Staff the Multinational Specialized Unit in Bosnia and Mexico as the Defense and Army Attaché. Army South the United States Southern Command the U.S. Downie served in Germany Colombia, where he completed the LANCERO (International Ranger) School as the distinguished graduate U.S. Downie held a wide variety of command and staff positions as an Infantryman and a Foreign Area Officer specializing in Latin America. At the Perry Center, he led a wide variety of courses, seminars and conferences on security and defense topics, as well as dialogues and strategy workshops for ministries of defense and cabinet-level national leaders.ĭuring a distinguished military career, Dr. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, the Department of Defense's regional security center for the Americas. Downie served for nine years as the Director (SES-3 equivalent) of the William J. To view this publication, please follow this link.Richard Downie is a Director at GSIS and a Principal at Delphi Strategic Consulting, which provides a wide range of consulting services, including the development of programs, strategies and rapid technical and operational solutions for government agencies and private industries worldwide.
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The findings are based on meetings with policymakers and other experts in Washington, D.C., as well as interviews with program implementers, government officials, police, and civil society representatives in all three countries. It provides recommendations of what could be done better, or differently, based on an assumption that the federal budget for overseas policing will remain small. The aim of this report is to look at what the United States has been doing to help reform or transform the police in three African states: Liberia, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan. Many, perhaps the majority, of Africans rely on non-state security providers such as neighborhood watch groups and chiefdom police to keep them safe. For other African citizens, particularly those living outside urban areas, the police are conspicuous by their absence. They are often sources of insecurity rather than providers of security-people to avoid, not to seek out, in the event of trouble. Their primary interest is in protecting the government in power rather than serving the public. In many countries, the police are ineffective, unprofessional, corrupt, even predatory. Unfortunately, many Africans have entirely negative perceptions of the police. Their view of the state and their acceptance of its authority are partially shaped by their interactions with the police. For citizens, a police officer is the symbolic representation of state authority. As a result, they will continue to struggle for legitimacy, and a return to conflict will remain an ever-present risk. Without security, governments cannot begin rebuilding their economies and improving the lives of their citizens. This is particularly true in nations emerging from conflict, which are characterized by insecurity and high levels of crime.
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The police are one of the most critical institutions of the state.